Ear Infection (Otitis Media) causes and symptoms
The ears are a complex part of the body, made up of many different chambers. Ear infections can take place in any one of the chambers and lead to complications of various degrees from discomfort and pain to damage to the tympanic membrane and affect the hearing as well.
The ear has three main parts known as the inner, middle, and outer ear.
Infections are most prevalent in the middle ear and outer ear. Inner ear infections are less common, and seldom a sign of another underlying condition.
An ear infection occurs when a bacteria or virus causes infection in the middle ear, the section that is at the back of the eardrum. Ear infections can be painful due to inflammation and fluid build-up in the middle ear.
Symptoms of a middle ear infection
A middle ear infection usually arises from a cold or other respiratory issue. The infection goes to one or both ears through the eustachian tubes, which control air pressure inside the ear. They connect to the back of the throat and nose.
An infection can bother the eustachian tubes and cause them to swell. Swelling can prevent them from draining properly. When the fluid inside these tubes cannot remove, it builds up inside the eardrum.
Children
Signs and symptoms common in children include:
- Ear pain
- pulling or tugging at an ear
- Trouble sleeping
- Crying more than normal
- Fussy behaviour
- Trouble responding or hearing sounds
- Loss of balance
- Fever of 100 F (38 C) or higher
- Drainage of fluid from the ear
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
Adults
Common signs and symptoms in adults include:
- Ear pain
- Drainage of fluid from the ear
- Trouble hearing
- stuffiness inside the ear that persists
Risk Factors
Children are more likely to develop ear infections than adults because their eustachian tubes are much smaller and horizontal than in adults. If a person has small eustachian tubes or has tubes that have not developed, they are at a higher risk for getting an ear infection.
Ear infections are likely if a person smokes or is getting affected by passive smoking. Those who have allergies or seasonal allergies are at risk of developing ear infections. People with weak immune systems are likely to contract ear infections. Having a cold or an upper respiratory infection also increases your risk.
Treatment for ear infections
The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat and minimize the ear infection. Certain medicines are for oral consumption, while others can be applied directly to the infection area through ear drops. Medication for pain, such as over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, can also be used to manage the symptoms.
Auto insufflation is another favourable technique to help clear the eustachian tubes, which involves squeezing the nose, closing your mouth, and exhaling very gently. It sends air through the eustachian tubes and helps drain them.
Preventing ear infections
You cannot always prevent ear infections, particularly inner ear infections caused by colds and flu.
To help avoid inner ear infections:
- Do not smoke and limit your exposure to second-hand smoke.
- Wash your hands before touching your ears
- Ensure your child gets their vaccinations and gets a flu vaccine each year.
Numerous studies suggest that viruses can cause middle ear infections. Pain management for a few days for earache will permit the natural immune system of the body to fight and cure the infection, just like the common cold. However, some people with middle ear infections may seek medical advice or see a health-care professional for medical treatment.
